Eskom retreats on solar fines. Registration pressure remains.

Earlier this month, Eskom circulated notices to its direct customers urging them to register residential solar photovoltaic systems or face fines and possible disconnection. The messaging was blunt. A “legal compliance campaign” framed non registration as a risk to safety and legality. Households with rooftop panels and batteries took note.

After criticism, Eskom shifted tone. In a radio interview, Kevin Pillay, a distribution general manager at Eskom, said the utility was not planning a crackdown. Unregistered small scale embedded generation systems, he said, were not currently being treated as illegal. Fines were not imminent. The push was framed as encouragement, with a temporary registration concession.

The walk back did not settle the matter.

Energy analyst Chris Yelland argues Eskom never had the authority it implied. As a company registered under the Companies Act, he says, Eskom has no statutory power to levy fines on customers for failing to register rooftop solar systems. In his view, the threats were empty, confused, and damaging.

Yelland’s advice to households with installed solar and battery systems is narrow. Use accredited installers. Ensure the system has a valid electrical Certificate of Compliance issued by a registered electrician. Beyond that, he says, homeowners who do not export power to the grid are entitled to ignore Eskom’s registration demands.

He was speaking in a discussion with Wayne Duvenage, chief executive of OUTA. Both warned that aggressive compliance campaigns risk alienating paying customers who have invested privately to reduce strain on the grid.

Eskom’s campaign has not been limited to its own network. Municipal distributors have echoed the message. City Power in Johannesburg has warned of disconnections and fines for unregistered systems. Some municipalities have already embedded fixed charges into residential electricity accounts. Others are still adapting billing systems.

The registration issue is tied to tariffs. Eskom requires customers with grid tied or hybrid systems to move to its Homeflex time of use tariff. Unlike flat rate options, Homeflex charges different prices depending on when electricity is consumed. Peak hours cost more. Off peak less.

Pillay defended the approach on The Money Show. Customers with self generation, he said, may only draw from the grid occasionally but expect full availability at all times. The cost of maintaining infrastructure, he argued, cannot be shifted to neighbours who rely on the grid continuously.

The fairness claim is contested. In Johannesburg, customers with registered small scale embedded generation are required to move from prepaid electricity to postpaid accounts. The fixed charges on those accounts are materially higher. Prepaid systems cannot currently support time of use billing. The workaround is billing migration, not system change.

This is where suspicion enters.

Civil society groups including AfriForum have raised concerns that Eskom’s registration database could be used to single out solar households for future fixed charges or tariff restructuring. Eskom says fixed charges are the same across Homepower and Homeflex for now. The duration of “for now” is unclear.

OUTA has formally challenged Eskom’s approach, arguing that customers should be allowed to choose tariff structures that reflect how they actually use electricity, rather than being forced into a category because they installed private generation.

The registration drive has already stalled once. Messaging changed. Threats softened. The compliance deadline blurred. Eskom still insists registration is necessary for safety and planning. It has not resolved how enforcement would work without statutory backing. It has not answered how many systems it believes are unregistered. That number has shifted in briefings, and once questioned, was not revisited.

For now, households sit between warnings and reassurances. Legal certainty has not arrived. Tariff design remains unfinished. Municipal billing systems lag. Eskom’s leverage depends on cooperation it has struggled to secure.